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1.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 85(2): 222-227, Mar.-Apr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001552

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Labyrinthine fistula is one of the most common complications associated with cholesteatoma. It represents an erosive loss of the endochondral bone overlying the labyrinth. Reasons for cholesteatoma-induced labyrinthine fistula are still poorly understood. Objective: Evaluate patients with cholesteatoma, in order to identify possible risk factors or clinical findings associated with labyrinthine fistula. Secondary objectives were to determine the prevalence of labyrinthine fistula in the study cohort, to analyze the role of computed tomography and to describe the hearing results after surgery. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with an acquired middle ear cholesteatoma in at least one ear with no prior surgery, who underwent audiometry and tomographic examination of the ears or surgery at our institution. Hearing results after surgery were analyzed according to the labyrinthine fistula classification and the employed technique. Results: We analyzed a total of 333 patients, of which 9 (2.7%) had labyrinthine fistula in the lateral semicircular canal. In 8 patients, the fistula was first identified on image studies and confirmed at surgery. In patients with posterior epitympanic and two-route cholesteatomas, the prevalence was 5.0%; and in cases with remaining cholesteatoma growth patterns, the prevalence was 0.6% (p = 0.16). In addition, the prevalence ratio for labyrinthine fistula between patients with and without vertigo was 2.1. Of patients without sensorineural hearing loss before surgery, 80.0% remained with the same bone conduction thresholds, whereas 20.0% progressed to profound hearing loss. Of patients with sensorineural hearing loss before surgery, 33.33% remained with the same hearing impairment, whereas 33.33% showed improvement of the bone conduction thresholds' Pure Tone Average. Conclusion: Labyrinthine fistula must be ruled out prior to ear surgery, particularly in cases of posterior epitympanic or two-route cholesteatoma. Computed tomography is a good diagnostic modality for lateral semicircular canal fistula. Sensorineural hearing loss can occur post-surgically, even in previously unaffected patients despite the technique employed.


Resumo Introdução: A fístula labiríntica é uma das complicações mais comuns associadas ao colesteatoma. Representa uma perda erosiva do osso endocondral que recobre o labirinto. As razões para a ocorrência da fístula labiríntica induzida pelo colesteatoma ainda são mal compreendidas. Objetivo: Avaliar pacientes com colesteatoma, a fim de identificar possíveis fatores de risco ou achados clínicos associados à fístula labiríntica. Os objetivos secundários foram determinar a prevalência de fístula labiríntica no estudo de coorte, analisar o papel da tomografia computadorizada e descrever os resultados auditivos após a cirurgia. Método: Este foi um estudo de coorte retrospectivo. Foram incluídos pacientes com colesteatoma adquirido de orelha média em pelo menos um lado sem cirurgia prévia que haviam sido submetidos à audiometria e tomografia computadorizada de orelha ou cirurgia em nossa instituição. Os resultados auditivos após a cirurgia foram analisados de acordo com a classificação de fístula labiríntica e da técnica empregada. Resultados: Analisamos um total de 333 pacientes, dos quais 9 (2,7%) apresentavam fístula labiríntica no canal semicircular lateral. Em 8 pacientes, a fístula foi identificada na tomografia computadorizada e confirmada durante a cirurgia. Em pacientes com colesteatomas epitimpânicos posteriores e de via dupla, a prevalência foi de 5,0%; e nos casos com padrão de crescimento de colesteatoma remanescente, a prevalência foi de 0,6% (p = 0,16). Além disso, a taxa de prevalência de fístula labiríntica entre pacientes com e sem vertigem foi de 2,1. Dos pacientes sem perda auditiva neurossensorial antes da cirurgia, 80,0% permaneceram com os mesmos limiares de condução óssea, enquanto 20,0% progrediram para perda auditiva profunda. Dos pacientes com perda auditiva neurossensorial antes da cirurgia, 33,33% permaneceram com a mesma deficiência auditiva, enquanto 33,33% apresentaram melhora da média de dos limiares de condução óssea aos tons puros. Conclusão: A fístula labiríntica deve ser descartada antes do procedimento cirúrgico, particularmente nos casos de colesteatomas epitimpânicos posteriores e de dupla via. A tomografia computadorizada é uma boa modalidade diagnóstica para a fístula do canal semicircular lateral. A perda auditiva neurossensorial pode ocorrer pós-cirurgicamente, mesmo em pacientes previamente não afetados, a despeito da técnica empregada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/complications , Fistula/epidemiology , Labyrinth Diseases/etiology , Labyrinth Diseases/epidemiology , Audiometry, Pure-Tone/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Statistics, Nonparametric , Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/epidemiology , Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/diagnostic imaging , Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/etiology , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/epidemiology , Labyrinth Diseases/diagnostic imaging
2.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 83(2): 126-131, Mar.-Apr. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839435

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Cholesteatoma is a destructive lesion that can result in life-threatening complications. Typically, it presents with hypoacusis and continuous otorrhea as symptoms. Because it is a rare disease, there are few studies in Brazil describing the characteristics of patients with the disease. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cholesteatoma in patients with chronic otitis media and describe clinical, audiological and surgical characteristics of patients with acquired middle ear cholesteatoma treated at a referral hospital in the public health system. Methods: Cross-sectional and prospective cohort study, including 1710 patients with chronic otitis media, treated between August 2000 and June 2015, without prior surgery. Detailed clinical history, videotoscopy, and audiometry were performed, in addition to review of medical records to search for surgical data. Cholesteatomas were classified according to their route of formation. Results: Of the patients with chronic otitis media, 419 (24.5%) had cholesteatoma; mean age of 34.49 years; 53.5% female and 63.8% adults. Bilateral cholesteatoma was observed in 17.1%. Anterior epitympanic cholesteatoma corresponded to 1.9%; posterior epitympanic, 32.9%; posterior mesotympanic, 33.7%; two routes, 14.8%; and indeterminate, 16.7%. The mean air-bone gap was 29.84 dB and did not differ between routes of formation. There were no correlations between gap size and patient age or duration of symptoms. Of the surgical cases, 16.8% underwent closed tympanomastoidectomy and 75.2% open tympanomastoidectomy. Conclusion: The prevalence of cholesteatoma in patients with chronic otitis media was 24.5% and it was more common in adults than in children. Posterior mesotympanic cholesteatoma was more frequent, with no difference in mean air-bone gap between the different routes of formation. In patients undergoing surgery, open tympanomastoidectomy was the procedure most frequently chosen.


Resumo Introdução: Colesteatoma é uma lesão destrutiva que pode levar a complicações potencialmente letais. Tipicamente, apresenta hipoacusia e otorreia contínua como sintomas. Por ser uma doença rara, existem poucos estudos no Brasil que descrevam as características destes pacientes. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivos determinar a prevalência de colesteatoma entre os pacientes com otite média crônica (OMC) e descrever as características clínicas, audiológicas e cirúrgicas dos pacientes com colesteatoma adquirido de orelha média atendidos em um hospital de referência do sistema público de saúde. Método: Estudo transversal e de coorte prospectivo, incluindo 1.710 pacientes com OMC, atendidos entre agosto de 2000 e junho de 2015, sem tratamento cirúrgico prévio. Foram feitas anamnese detalhada, videotoscopia e audiometria, além de revisão de prontuários para busca de dados cirúrgicos. Os colesteatomas foram classificados conforme sua via de formação. Resultados: Dos pacientes com otite média crônica, 419 (24,5%) apresentavam colesteatoma. Média de 34,49 anos; 53,5% do sexo feminino e 63,8% adultos. Colesteatoma foi observado bilateralmente em 17,1%. Os epitimpânicos anteriores corresponderam a 1,9%; os epitimpânicos posteriores a 32,9%; os mesotimpânicos posteriores a 33,7%; duas vias a 14,8% e indeterminados a 16,7%. A média tritonal dos gaps aeroósseos foi de 29,84 dB e não diferiu entre os grupos segundo as vias de formação. Não foram observadas correlações entre tamanho do gap e idade do paciente ou duração dos sintomas. Dos pacientes operados, 16,8% foram submetidos a timpanomastoidectomia fechada e 75,2% a timpanomastoidectomia aberta. Conclusão: A prevalência de colesteatoma em pacientes com otite média crônica foi de 24,5% e foi mais frequente em adultos do que em crianças. Os mesotimpânicos posteriores foram mais frequentes, não foi observada diferença na média dos gaps aeroósseos entre diferentes vias de formação. Nos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia, a timpanomastoidectomia aberta foi o procedimento escolhido.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Otitis Media/epidemiology , Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/epidemiology , Otitis Media/complications , Brazil/epidemiology , Chronic Disease , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/etiology
3.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 82-87, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-154363

ABSTRACT

This study compared long-term speech performance after cochlear implantation (CI) between surgical strategies in patients with chronic otitis media (COM). Thirty patients with available open-set sentence scores measured more than 2 yr postoperatively were included: 17 who received one-stage surgeries (One-stage group), and the other 13 underwent two-stage surgeries (Two-stage group). Preoperative inflammatory status, intraoperative procedures, postoperative outcomes were compared. Among 17 patients in One-stage group, 12 underwent CI accompanied with the eradication of inflammation; CI without eradicating inflammation was performed on 3 patients; 2 underwent CIs via the transcanal approach. Thirteen patients in Two-stage group received the complete eradication of inflammation as first-stage surgery, and CI was performed as second-stage surgery after a mean interval of 8.2 months. Additional control of inflammation was performed in 2 patients at second-stage surgery for cavity problem and cholesteatoma, respectively. There were 2 cases of electrode exposure as postoperative complication in the two-stage group; new electrode arrays were inserted and covered by local flaps. The open-set sentence scores of Two-stage group were not significantly higher than those of One-stage group at 1, 2, 3, and 5 yr postoperatively. Postoperative long-term speech performance is equivalent when either of two surgical strategies is used to treat appropriately selected candidates.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/epidemiology , Chronic Disease/therapy , Cochlear Implantation/adverse effects , Cochlear Implants/adverse effects , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/surgery , Inflammation/epidemiology , Otitis Media/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Speech Articulation Tests , Treatment Outcome
4.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 77(3): 341-347, May-June 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-595770

ABSTRACT

Middle ear cholesteatoma is an important and relatively common disorder which may have serious consequences. AIM: The purpose was to conduct a retrospective study of the statistics of 1,146 middle ear surgical procedures for middle ear cholesteatoma in adults and children of low income living in distant areas from our city. METHODS: From 1962 to 1988 there were 1,146 surgeries for unilateral or bilateral cholesteatomas in children and adults, which were reviewed for the following criteria: total number of surgeries, sex, onset of the first symptoms, duration of the disease, the site of perforation, the cholesteatoma site, changes in the ossicular chain, the contralateral ear, bilateral cholesteatomas, the site of residual cholesteatoma, and complications. RESULTS: Results are shown graphically on a pie chart. CONCLUSION: The etiology of cholesteatomas remains unknown. Epidemiological and statistical data, surgical reports, and conclusions of experimental studies are welcome, as they may provide support for clarifying the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma. Our results were compared with internationally published papers. We found no published papers on the epidemiology of cholesteatoma in the Brazilian literature.


OBJETIVO: O colesteatoma da orelha média é uma doença relativamente comum, podendo ter sérias consequências. Fizemos um estudo retrospectivo de levantamento estatístico de 1146 cirurgias de colesteatoma da orelha média em adultos e crianças oriundas de várias classes sociais de todas as regiões do Brasil. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: No período de 1962 a 1988 foram realizadas 1146 cirurgias de otite média colesteatomatosa uni ou bilateral, tendo sidos avaliados os dados epidemiológicos do colesteatoma sob diversos aspectos: total de intervenções cirúrgicas, sexo, idade de início primeiro sintoma, tempo de evolução, local da perfuração, localização do colesteatoma, alterações da cadeia ossicular, a orelha contralateral, o colesteatoma bilateral, a sede dos colesteatomas residuais e suas complicações. RESULTADOS: Mostraremos os resultados de diversos parâmetros que se seguem sob a forma de gráficos de diagrama de setores. CONCLUSÃO: Ainda somos incapazes de esclarecer a etiologia do colesteatoma. Cada dado, se epidemiológico ou estatístico, cada observação na cirurgia e cada conclusão experimental são bem-vindos para se ter mais subsídios sobre a patogenia do colesteatoma. Comparamos com os artigos internacionais publicados. Salientamos o fato de não termos encontrado nenhum trabalho publicado no Brasil a respeito somente da epidemiologia do colesteatoma.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/epidemiology , Mastoid , Brazil/epidemiology , Longitudinal Studies , Retrospective Studies
5.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 67(2): 129-134, ago. 2007. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-474875

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las intervenciones quirúrgicas del oído medio por colesteatoma tienen por objetivo prioritario la erradicación de la enfermedad, logrando en ocasiones conservar o mejorar la audición de estos pacientes. La aticotomía con antroexclusión es una cirugía conservadora que permite la eliminación de un colesteatoma atical manteniendo una anatomía cercana a la normal. Objetivo: Este trabajo busca determinar los cambios auditivos en pacientes sometidos a este procedimiento quirúrgico. Material y método: Se realiza un estudio transversal con audiometrías a pacientes sometidos a aticoantrostomía con antroexclusión entre los años 2000 y 2005. Se registran datos individuales, hallazgos intraoperatorios y valores audiométricos pre y posoperatorios. Resultados: Se incluyen 18 pacientes, edad promedio de 48 años, 61 por ciento de sexo femenino. La diferencia ósea-aérea preoperatoria promedio es de 38 dB (10-51 dB), mientras la posoperatoria es de 33 dB (18-50 dB). El 50 por ciento de los pacientes obtiene un cierre posoperatorio inferior a 30 dB. No existen cambios significativos con respecto a umbrales de vías óseas o aéreas. Conclusiones: La aticoantrostomía es un procedimiento quirúrgico que permite erradicarla enfermedad y preservar la audición de los pacientes. En nuestra serie existe una conservación de la audición, lo que constituye una ventaja con respecto a otras alternativas quirúrgicas.


Introduction. The primary aim of middle ear surgical intervention due to cholesteatoma is the elimination of the disease, while conserving or in some cases improving the patient's hearing ability. Atticostomy with antrum exclution is a conservative surgery that allows attic cholesteatoma removal, maintaining a relatively normal anatomy. Aims. The main goal of this study is to characterize the audiological changes in patients that underwent this surgical procedure. Material and methods. Audiometries were performed to patients that had atticostomy with antrum exclution, between years 2000 and 2005. Individual data, intra-surgery findings, and audiometric data prior and post surgery were recorded. Results. Results from 18 patients, average age 48 years old, 61% females, are presented. Pre surgical average difference between air and bone conduction was 38dB (10-51 dB), whereas post surgical difference was 33 dB (18-50). Fifty percent of patients reached a post surgical level lower than 30 dB. There were no significant changes related to air or bone conduction thresholds. Conclusions. Atticoantrostomy is a surgical procedure that allows both disease elimination and hearing preservation. In our series, hearing was preserved, which represents an advantage over other surgical alternatives.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Hearing , Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/surgery , Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/diagnosis , Otologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Audiometry , Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/epidemiology , Ear Diseases/surgery , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ear Ossicles/surgery , Ear, Middle/surgery , Postoperative Period , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods
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